Its original name is British East India Company. On December 31, 1600, it was established by British merchants with a royal charter to get a share from the Far East and India's spice trade, which are monopolized by Portugal and Spain, and over time has become one of the world's largest trade organizations and the representative of British colonialism in Asia. It is seen that the company continued this representation of the company as an autonomous state with its activities, position and influence in India until 1858, when the government ended the monopoly privilege and dissolved its organization.
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| east India Company |
How the East India Company Got Stronger
The company made its first voyage to the East Indian islands (Malaysia-Indonesia) in 1601. After this profitable expedition, he also decided to investigate trade opportunities with India and in 1612 he received the privilege of entering the port of Gujarat from the Babies. At the same time, the company, which had military power and organized expeditions to the Red Sea, Persian Gulf and Japan, defeated the Portuguese navy in the Strait of Hormuz in 1622 with the Iranians and took control of the Gulf region and the Indian road. But he could not show this success against the Dutch in the Far East and had to withdraw from the East Indies region. Thereupon, the trade organization of the company, which focused more on India, developed gradually. After Suraret and Masulipatam, he headed to Bengal and in 1639 he rented Madras. Bombay in 1661, II. It was received as a wedding gift from the Kingdom of Portugal due to Charles's marriage to Princess Catherine de Bragance and in 1690 the port city of Calcutta was established. The operation of another British East India Company in 1698 caused confusion, but in 1709 the two companies merged. Meanwhile, competition with the Dutch East India Company accelerated in the Far East, and relations became strained over time, leading to war.
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| east of India company |
How the Company Captured the State
XVIII. The company, which made a great improvement in its trade volume in the first half of the century, organized its relations with the British government and got the privilege of acting and representing the state in the regions where it traded. In 1717, he gained capitulation rights from the Babies and rose to a very strong position in the country. In the 1740s, upon the efforts of the French to enter India, he got involved in local throne fights and engaged in military movements in order to protect his assets and privileges. The company, which effectively dominated Bengal with the victory of Plassey in 1757 by reinforcing its troops in the region, began to manage it on its own behalf from 1765. However, as this experience in Bengal was too burdensome, it started to suffer and sought help from the British government. With the Indian law enacted in London in 1773, the status of the company in India was put on a basis, and a governor general was sent to control the company along with all the colonial lands; With a new law passed in 1784, some problems encountered in practice were eliminated. Thus, the company and Indian politics were completely under the control of the British government. The commercial monopoly privilege of the company, which started to lose its weight after this date, was abolished with two laws enacted in 1813 and 1833. During this period, the company turned into an administrative institution rather than a commercial institution. As a matter of fact, by the 1850s, Delhi and the Punjab region were also under the control of the company and the final boundaries of British rule in India were almost clear. Likewise, with Burma, Singapore and Hong Kong, approximately one-fifth of the world population at that time came under the control of the company, thus the company was the world's largest trade organization, as well as the state function with the administrative, financial and legal structure it established in the regions under its management. Historical Events
This situation developed against Islam, which has been ruling in India for centuries, and the political, economic and cultural conditions of Muslims have deteriorated with the expansion process of the company. Because, when the traditional structure based on agriculture in the economic field was disrupted by the British turning to money-centered commercial activities, the lands were compelled to be sold, and the sense of trust in the minority society was lost in the psychological collapse with the loss of political domination. In the cultural sphere, the loss of resource and protection support had stopped the progress of science and art experts. On the other hand, XIX. The transformation of the language of education into English with the century, caused the Muslim potential grown in Urdu and Persian to be unemployed, and the damages caused by this situation were felt in the long run. Increasing missionary activities also targeted Muslims as they were at a certain cultural level. The Empire, which gradually lost its power, could not prevent the expansion of the company, and the British imposed themselves with the image that they were engaged in administrative activities on behalf of the Empire in the regions where the Muslim domination was strong. In this process, the most important Muslim force opposing the existence of the company was the Meysûr Sultanate in the south. But XVIII. At the end of the century, Tîpû Sultan, the ruler of Meysur, who wanted to expel the British from their lands by seeking support from the Ottoman, Iran, Afghanistan and even European states, could not find the support he hoped for and was martyred on May 4, 1799 while fighting against them with his inadequate forces.
The heavy tax policies of the British, the contempt of the local people by the company employees, the worsening economic situation, the offensive activities of the missionaries, the complication of the legal procedure and the loss of political domination caused the Muslims to react and in 1857 it was a military movement was initiated. But the company bloody suppressed this move with the support of the UK government. After the reestablishment of dominance in the country, the British government canceled the status of the company in India and took the country under direct rule and colonized it (1858); The legal existence of the company continued until 1873. India Office Library and Records in London, which is an indispensable position in the historical research of the former British colonial countries and especially India, was founded in 1801 by the East India Company.
Source: İslam Ansiklopedisi