Even today, the name of the Sumerians is mentioned with their Inventions. What were the religions of the Sumerians? The history of the Sumerians, which are older than many civilizations, dates back to 4000 years before Christ. They have made progress in many fields such as medicine, astronomy, writing ... It is known that they have done many studies in the fields of mythology, magic, and religion.
The Sumerians, nicknamed the inventors of the writing, were able to transfer their cultures to centuries later, thanks to these inventions.
Sumerians' Settlements
When the Sumerians made Mesopotamia their homeland, the surrounding area turned into a swamp due to the flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. When there was a flood in the river, many barriers were built to prevent flooding, in addition to this, many water channels were built to irrigate their fields.
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| Sumerian inventions |
They built cities and surrounded them with walls. The largest of these cities was Uruk, with an estimated 80,000 inhabitants. Since this city was an important trade center of its period, it was surrounded by 10 kilometers of walls.
First Woman Sovereign in Sumerian History
The clay tablets on which the names and information of every ruler who ruled the Sumerian State ruled in ancient Mesopotamia are recorded have survived to the present day. On the clay tablet, inscriptions were written about the ruling kings by being legendary. It is said that one of the first kings of the Sumerians lived exactly 43,000 years. In another tablet, it is written that a woman named Kubaba was the ruler in 2500 BC. This woman is referred to as the only female ruler in the history of the Sumerian State.
Sumerian inventions: Cuneiform
Cuneiform was discovered by the Sumerians around 3400 BC. They were writing complex texts of hundreds of words on clay tablets, which they soaked using a reed pen. After the writing was done, they would either cook it or leave it under the sun to dry. Although they first developed the writing to keep track of commercial affairs, it would be used in many fields from art to literature in the future.
Wars of the City-States
Although the Sumerians carried a common culture, they were often at war with each other. As a result of these wars, many kingdoms and dynasties were established. The first war of the Sumerians known today, in the 2400s BC, two city-states fought because of border violations. It is known that in this war, the Lagash State defeated the Umma State and cooked the meat of their enemies, and had a feast to celebrate its victory.
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| Sumerians |
Later, the Lagash state took all other Sumerian States under its control and ruled all Mesopotamia. Few states have been able to achieve this throughout history.
Merchant Sumerians
Due to the geography where the Sumerians were located, they lacked mineral stones. They started a business by sea and land to fill this gap. They traveled for months to Anatolia for wood and Oman for precious metals.